Status: Deprecated
This article covers a version of Ubuntu that is no longer supported. If you are currently operate a server running Ubuntu 12.04, we highly recommend upgrading or migrating to a supported version of Ubuntu:
Upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04.
Upgrade from Ubuntu 14.04 to Ubuntu 16.04
Migrate the server data to a supported version
Reason:
Ubuntu 12.04 reached end of life (EOL) on April 28, 2017 and no longer receives security patches or updates. This guide is no longer maintained.
See Instead:
This guide might still be useful as a reference, but may not work on other Ubuntu releases. If available, we strongly recommend using a guide written for the version of Ubuntu you are using. You can use the search functionality at the top of the page to find a more recent version.
Introduction
FTP, or file transfer protocol, is a popular way to transfer files between local and remote servers. While FTP was a preferred method of transfer in the past, it authenticates in plain text, making it insecure.
ProFTPd is a popular FTP server that can be configured to use the SFTP protocol, a secure FTP alternative, instead of FTP. This article will show you how to configure ProFTPd to use this protocol to avoid the insecurity of FTP.
We will show you how to configure this on an Ubuntu 12.04 VPS, but most distributions should operate in a similar way.
Install ProFTPd
The ProFTPd software is in Ubuntu’s default repositories. We can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install proftpd
Choose “stand alone” when prompted during installation.
After it has been installed, we need to edit some basic configuration variables. Open the ProFTPd configuration file with root privileges with your text editor:
sudo nano /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
Change the ServerName parameter to match your domain name or IP address.
ServerName "yourDomainOrIPAddress"
Remove the # from in front of the DefaultRoot parameter to uncomment it:
DefaultRoot ~
Save and close the file.
Configure SFTP Access with ProFTPd
Now, we need to configure the service to use SFTP.
The default file looks in the conf.d subdirectory for additional configuration. We will create a file there to enable the use of SFTP:
sudo nano /etc/proftpd/conf.d/sftp.conf
ProFTPd can take configuration with the same formatting as Apache. If you are familiar with Apache, this should look familiar. If you are not familiar, it’s easy to figure out.
Copy and paste the following into the file:
<IfModule mod_sftp.c>
SFTPEngine on
Port 2222
SFTPLog /var/log/proftpd/sftp.log
# Configure both the RSA and DSA host keys, using the same host key
# files that OpenSSH uses.
SFTPHostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
SFTPHostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
SFTPAuthMethods publickey
SFTPAuthorizedUserKeys file:/etc/proftpd/authorized_keys/%u
# Enable compression
SFTPCompression delayed
</IfModule>
Deconstructing the SFTP Configuration
Let’s break the file down into its component pieces so that we can understand it better.
The entire section is wrapped in IfModule tags to make sure that the configuration options are only applied if the SFTP module is available (which it is).
SFTPEngine on: Enables the SFTP ability for the server
Port 2222: Specifies the port where the SFTP connections will be accepted. Since SSH already is looking for connections on port 22, we want a different port.
SFTPLog: Configures the location of the log file that will be created.
SFTPHostKey: These two lines point to the SSH host keys. This is how the server identifies itself to clients. For the most part, the lines we used should be correct.
SFTPAuthMethods: This line configures the server to only accept connections with SSH keys.
SFTPAuthorizedUserKeys: This parameter names the location of the SFTP keys that can be used to authenticate someone. The %u portion will substitute the authenticating user’s name.
SFTPCompression delayed: This sets the compression mechanism that will be utilized during file transfers.
Configure Key Based Authentication
The ProFTPd can use SSH keys to authenticate users, but the keys must be converted to use the RFC4716 format. Luckily, the SSH suite has the ability to convert these files natively.
Begin by creating a directory to house these files:
sudo mkdir /etc/proftpd/authorized_keys
Now, we need to convert the public keys that are currently used to log into the server. If you only have one user, you can use this command:
sudo ssh-keygen -e -f ~username/.ssh/authorized\_keys | sudo tee /etc/proftpd/authorized\_keys/username
If you have multiple users and you need to separate their log in credentials, you will have to use the actual public key instead of the authorized_keys file, like this:
sudo ssh-keygen -e -f /path/to/id\_rsa.pub | sudo tee /etc/proftpd/authorized\_keys/username\_who\_owns_key
You can add as many keys as you would like.
When you are finished, restart the ProFTPd server:
sudo service proftpd restart
Disable SFTP Access on the SSH Port
Now that we have enabled SFTP through ProFTPd, we can disable it on the normal SSH port. This will allow us to configure user access and lock down what each user can see and manipulate through ProFTPd, without worrying about people being able to leave their home directories.
Open the SSHD configuration file:
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Towards the bottom of the file, you should see a line that looks like this:
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
Put a hash (#) in front of it to comment out the line:
# Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
Save and close the file.
Now, restart the SSH server so to enable your changes:
sudo service ssh restart
Connecting with a Client
There are plenty of FTP clients that we can use to connect with our server. The good ones implement SFTP capabilities as well. We will demonstrate how to connect through FileZilla, which is available on all major platforms.
Open FileZilla’s preferences. Find the “SFTP section in the left-hand menu.
Click on “Add keyfile”, and navigate to the location of your private key. Usually, this will be in ~/.ssh/id_rsa. You will probably get a message saying that FileZilla will convert it to a supported format.
Press “Okay” to exit the preferences.
In the main interface, type sftp:// followed by the domain name or IP address of your server in the “Host” field. Place your username in the “Username” field and fill in the port you chose for the “Port” field:
Click “Quickconnect” and FileZilla should connect automatically using your SSH keys.
Conclusion
Your server should now be configured to accept SFTP connections managed by ProFTPd. You can configure the software to manage users and what areas are restricted. In general, FTP should be avoided at all costs due to its lack of proper security.
